March 2023

Wood cleaners are household cleaning products that are specially formulated to maintain the natural beauty, appearance and shine of wood and hardwood floors. These cleaning agents are formulated for applications on all types of wood surfaces in the home, which are coated with a clear finish. These cleansers have found to be very effective for easy cleaning of cabinets, furniture, doors, panels, painted wood and trim.

Formulation

Wood cleaners generally formulated using detergents for dirt removal and liquid bleach for mildew removal. However most of these cleaners have found to be not very effective for wood deck cleaning applications. For wood deck cleaning applications, specialty cleaners are available in market, which can be categorized into 3 main categories :

• Chlorine bleach based cleaners
• Oxygen bleach based cleaners
• Oxalic acid based formulations

Chlorine Bleach Based Wood Cleaners
Common types of chlorine bleach cleaners formulated for deck cleaning applications are made using sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite and dichloroisocyanurate. The first two are generally used laundry detergents while dichloroisocyanurate is a swimming pool additive. These chemicals have proved to be effective against mildew but do little to remove dirt or other surface deposits. However when used on wood decks, chlorine bleach based cleaners can do more harm than good, as it may result in the woods’ having a whitish unnatural tone because of the bleaching out of natural components. In addition, if chlorine bleach based cleaners are not rinsed properly, the residue of chlorine salt may result in the premature aging of wood from the action of sunlight.

Oxygen Bleach Based Wood Cleaners
Oxygen based wood cleaners are formulated using disodium peroxydicarbonate, which is commonly known as sodium percarbonate. Sodium percarbonate is a powder, which when added with water forms hydrogen peroxide (a common oxygen bleach and soda ash). Hydrogen per- oxide is typically used as disinfectant and as a stripper for hair coloring applications. For wood cleaning applications, the oxygen bleach based cleaners have found to be effective in removing the mildew stains and the weathered gray residues from UV degradation. The sodium carbonate functions as a built-in detergent, which removed dirt and other deposits. Thus, sodium percarbonate based wood cleaners are effective in removing dirt, mildew and weathered gray residues. The cleaner can be used to treat the wood to make it return to its original appearance.

Oxalic Acid Based products
Some wood species like cedar and redwood contain natural resins known as tannins. These are water-soluble materials that are reddish brown in color. Water can extract these resins from the wood and deposit them on the surface thereby causing brown or black discoloration. Tannins can also react with iron present in nails or fasteners, which can result in blue-black stains. Neither oxygen bleach nor the chlorine bleaches are effective against tannin stains or iron stains. Oxalic acid based cleaners on the other hand, solubilizes iron stains and tannins and renders them colorless.

Hence, we can say, the oxalic acid based wood cleaners are materials of choice for application on redwood or cedar. However, oxalic acid is not an effective agent against mildew. Due to this reason, such type of woods is cleaned with a sodium percarbonate or chlorine based cleaner and follows it up with an oxalic acid based cleaner.

Paint Removers
Sometimes, in order to restore a wood deck and prepare it for refinishing, the earlier finish – or what is left of it should be removed. Most wood cleaners and restorers are nor effective in removing stains or paints. This can be achieved with this application of chemical paint strippers.

Chemical paint strippers are typically based on organic solvents and caustic salts, such as sodium hydroxide or sodium meta silicate. Majority of these strippers is highly potent and requires extra care in their usage and handling. For example, contact with skin or eyes should be avoided. Suitable protective clothing and equipment must be worn or as given on the product label.

Depending on the formulation, paint strippers can be used to remove oil-based stains, varnishes, latex stains and paints.

Any residues of the paint strippers should be thoroughly rinsed from the wood before applying any other product to the surface, as any leftover residues of caustic salts can interfere with subsequently applied coatings.

Some manufacturers formulate their paint strippers with thickening agents to make the liquid cling better to vertical surfaces. This action improves the performance since it increases the contact time between the surface being treated and the active ingredients.

Cleansing products play an important role in the daily lives of people. Their regular use help people stay healthy, care for their home and belongings and make the surrounding more pleasant by removing soils, germs and other contaminants. These products are effectively and safely used by millions of people in homes, schools, businesses and healthcare setting for yielding improvements in both hygiene as well as the overall quality of life. Cleansing products have found uses in different applications, like for personal cleaning (skin care, body care, hair care), laundry cleaning, dishwash cleaning and household products cleaning.

The origin of cleansing products dates back to prehistoric times. As water is essential for life, the prehistoric people lived near the sources of water and they knew something about its cleansing properties, such that it rinsed mud of their hands and body.

An adequate understanding of the history, safety and benefits of cleaning products by people is important to their effective and proper use. The history of cleansing products can be broadly defined in two headings –

• History of Soaps
• History of Detergents

According to records, ancient Egyptians bathed regularly. The Ebers Papyrus, 1500 B.C. medical document, describes the manufacturing of soap like material by combining animal and vegetable oils with alkaline salts. This soap like was found to be helpful in the treatment of different skin diseases as well as washing.

At about the same time, Moses gave the Israelites some detailed laws, which govern personal cleanliness. Moses also related cleanliness to religious purification and health. According to biblical accounts the ancient Israelites knew that a kind of hair gel can be produced by mixing ashes and oil.

The ancient Greek people bathed for aesthetic reasons and they evidently did not use soap. Instead of using soap, they cleaned their bodies with blocks of sand, clay, pumice and ashes, then anointed themselves with oil, and scraped off the oil and dirt using a metal instrument called as a strigil. They are also known to use oil with ashes. They wash clothes without soap in streams.

In primitive societies and even today, the clothes are cleansed by beating and hitting them on rocks near a stream. Some plants, like soapworts, have leaves, which produce sapions and chemical compounds that give a soapy lather. These compounds were probably the first detergents that people used.

Now days, in modern times, the use of soaps and detergents has become wide and universal among the people across the world due to a better understanding of the importance of hygiene in reducing germs and other pathogenic microorganisms. Specially developed bar soaps become first available in the late nineteenth century, and the advertising campaigns in Europe and the US helped in increasing the popularity and awareness of the relationship between cleanliness and health. By the year1950, soaps and detergents had gained public acceptance as a tool of health and hygiene.

Dishwasher tablets are dish-cleaning detergents that are formulated in tablet form. Formulated for cleaning dishwashers, these tablets are used in a long cycle dishwashing system. These tablets provide excellent cleaning performance and effectively remove fats, starch, and proteins.

These dish-cleaning tablets clean dishes and remove soil from different types of cooking and serving items and dishwashers with the help of energy provided to it by chemicals. Very low to non-sudsing, these cleansers also inhibit foam that several protein-containing foods, like egg and milk, create. These tablets also soften water, which prevents insoluble deposits, loosen and hold soil in suspension and leave the items clean and grease-free. These dishwashers can be used to rinse and dry dishes and utensils without spots, and have found to be pretty effective and safe for a variety of dishes, glassware, utensils, and more.

Directions for Use
To get maximum benefit from your dishwasher tablet, use it as per the instructions given below –

• Remove large food scraps from your dishes
• Remove the wrapper from the tablet
• Place the tablet into the dispenser
• If the tablet does not fit into the dispensers place in the cutlery basket
• A single tablet will clean a machine load of normally dirty dishes
• Operate the machine as per the manufacturer’s instructions
• Regularly check the rinse aid and salt
• To get best results use the dishwasher tablets in conjunction with rinse aid and normal dishwasher salt

Ingredients
Dishwasher tablets are formulated using a variety of ingredients, including –

• Oxygen chlorine free bleach
• Plant based non-ionic tensio-active surfactants
• GMO free enzymes
• Salts
• Silicate
• Citrate
• Polypeptides
• Bleach activators
• Fragrances

Benefits
Some of the important benefits of dishwasher tablets include –

• Excellent tough food residue removal
• Shiny end result
• Cleans and degreases effectively
• Easy dosing
• Hygienic, efficient and safe
• No residue

Designed and formulated for high-volume, severe-duty applications, the centrifugal pumps are used in various manufacturing processes of soaps and detergents. These pumps offer unmatched reliability and performance in applications, such as unloading raw materials from barges, railcars and transports to raw material processing facilities. In these applications, the centrifugal pumps are used to transfer these feeder stocks to loading platforms, filler tanks and bottling operations, and throughout batch and continuous processes of soap and detergents manufacturers.

High in strength and low in maintenance, the centrifugal pumps are used in applications, such as moving oil based alcohols derived from animal fats and oils, such as –

• Fatty acids
• Fatty alcohol
• Glycerin
• Amines

Petroleum based products, such as

• Ethylene based fatty alcohol
• Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate
• Sulfonic acids

The centrifugal pumps are used throughout the manufacturing processes to move and transfer hard-to-seal products, which generally plague other centrifugal pumps with chronic seal failures, thereby causing unnecessary and expensive downtime and product loss. Designed around the seal where majority of the pump failures occurs, the centrifugal pumps have a larger, heavy-duty shaft and ball bearings. It means these pumps offer reliable and leak-free consistent flow with zero pulsation when moving additives, oils and fragrances, surfactants and builders to per-mixers and blenders, or from mixers to the bottling processes.

In the processes of batch soap making, the centrifugal pumps offer excellent performance in transferring sodium hydroxide, tallow and vegetable oils to and from bleach blenders and hot caustic alkali solutions from saponification kettles. Within the soap manufacturing processes, the centrifugal pumps ensure optimum uptime by providing reliable and leak-free transfer of brine, brine/sodium hydroxide and ferric chloride hydrochloric acids and solutions, ingredients, which generally challenge the seal integrity of other pumps.

In continuous processes, because of its seal integrity and rugged durability, the centrifugal pumps have become a preferred choice for transferring fatty acids from the hydrolyser to flash tanks and hot water to the hydrolyser.

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General Information

Stain and odor eliminators are laundry cleaning products that are used to remove the tough stains and odor from clothes, carpets, furniture, car seats, and more. These products are highly concentrated to cut through the toughest grease and dirt without the use of toxic chemicals.

Stain and odor eliminators are formulated using powerful cleaners with special herbal extracts to remove stains and odors in an easy and convenient manner. These cleansers usually do not contain phosphate and are ammonia free. With high cleaning power, they can be used to instantly eliminate stains and odor without blending or scrubbing.

A stain and odor can be used to remove the tough stains and odor caused by feces, urine, vomit, and blood. It is also effective against ink, grease, oil, coffee, tea, soft drinks, ketchup, mud and dirt.

Advantages
One of the main advantages of using stain and odor eliminator is its easy and convenient use. They can be used to attack pet, food, and beverage stains; organic waste, and odors until they are gone. Some of the other advantages of using stain and odor eliminators are –

• Lime Peel Extract cleaning power
• Destroys the toughest odors so they are gone for good
• Excellent for mold and mildew
• Generally based on natural, non-toxic and biodegradeable ingredients.

Ingredients
Some of the most common ingredients that are used in formulating stain and odor eliminator, include – Natural enzyme-producing cultures, food-grade lime extracts and stabilizers, vegetable-based surfactants, and filtered water.

These cleaning products do not contain any plain enzymes, alcohol or perfume cover-ups.

Applications
Stain and odor eliminators have found to be ideal for usage on carpets, clothing, furniture, car seats. Besides these applications, stain and odor eliminators work great on all washable surfaces and fabrics, including mattresses, furniture, bathrooms, walls, floors and more.

Skin cleaning products include soaps, gels and liquids that are formulated to provide the right care to your skin and help it look glowing and healthy. The general purpose of skin cleaning products is to remove and clean soiling, excessive skin parts (skin sweat, scales, sebum), unwanted micro organisms and the existing residues of medicinal or cosmetic preparations from the surface of skin.

Cleansing skin care is one of the most important things that we can do to help keep our skin looking glowing, healthy and beautiful. Without cleansing, our faces may develop a build-up of materials, which would make our faces look dirty, shiny and dull. The buildup of bacteria and dirt on our face may also increase the risk of bacterial infections, which may lead to skin disorders, such as acne. Cleansing is especially important for people with oily skin, who have excess oil on their face that attracts dirt and debris.

A wide range of skin cleaning products is available in the industry that is formulated for different skin types, different functions and properties. It is important that people select the right kind of skin care product for their skin, as it will treat their problem areas and will prevent any further skin damage from occurring.

Types
Depending on the form, usage and application, the skin cleansing products can be broadly categorized into following five types –

• Toilet Soaps
• Face Wash
• Cleansing Milk
• Cleansing Cream
• Cleansing Lotion

Know Your Skin Type
For getting maximum benefit from your skin care regiment, it is important that you know your skin type. There are different types of skin and hence you should take care of your skin accordingly. The effective way to treat your skin is to know your skin type and what kind of nutrients the skin needs and act accordingly.

Skin can be divided into different types according to its texture. The different types of skin are –

• Normal skin
• Dry skin
• Oily skin
• Combination skin

A brief description of these different skin types is given below –

Normal Skin
A normal skin has fine texture with smooth and supple surface. This type of skin has a proper balance between the oil and moisture contents and hence it looks neither greasy nor dry. The skin looks clear and does not develop any spots or blemishes. The pores of the skin are fine and barely visible and reflect good health. A normal skin requires gentle treatment.

Dry Skin
This type of skin is dry parched in appearance and has a tendency to flake easily. The skin is prone to wrinkles and lines, which is due to its inability to retain moisture. Dry skin often supper problems in cold weather condition and ages faster than normal or oily skin. Constant care and protection of dry skin is very important. It needs a moisturizer during the day and a good cream at night.

Oily Skin
The over secretion of sebum, which makes the skin surface looks oily, can cause an oily skin condition. The excess oil on the skin surface attracts dirt and dust from the environment. This type of skin is also prone to black heads, white heads, spots and pimples. This type of skin requires thorough cleaning and extra care.

Combination Skin
Combination skin is very common and as the name suggests, it is a combination of both dry and oily skin, with certain parts of the body oils and rest dry. Generally there is a central greasy panel that consists of the forehead, nose and chin and a dry panel, which consists of the cheeks and the areas around the eyes and mouth. In a combination skin, the different parts of the body should be treated accordingly.

Cleansing Tips
Cleansing is an essential step in your daily skin care regimen. Given below are some general cleansing tips –

• Cleaning the face 2-3 times a day; is sufficient for normal skin.
• In the case the skin is oily, a more frequent cleansing should be done i.e. 4-5 times a day.
• For a dry skin condition, avoid frequent washing and you may have to use a suitable oil-based cosmetic cleanser instead of soap that have a drying effect
• There are various alternatives to soap and water cleansing. Cleansers come in different forms, such as creams, milks, lotions, gels and liquids. In general, all these products are a mixture of oil, wax and water that have been prepared and formulated to suit different skin types.
• The correct way to apply creams and cleansers on your face is in an upward and outward movement. Do not stretch, drag or pull your skin. Leave the cleanser on for a 1-2 minute so as to loosen the dirt and makeup. Remove it by either using a cotton wool or with a tissue paper. Finally rinse it with water.

liquids are powerful laundry cleaning products that are applied to stubborn stains prior to washing. These liquids are formulated using a specified surfactant system of naturally derived alkyl or hydroxyalkyl sulphate or sulphonate surfactant and mid-chain branched amine oxide surfactants.

Laundry liquids are formulated using ingredients, which give better washing performance with benefits to environment. With technological advancements laundry liquid manufacturers now use a new ingredients – rapeseed oil (non-GMO) that offer benefit with its low foaming properties. Foam is detrimental to the washing process and may result in up to 50% loss of the washing power.

Ingredients
The most common ingredients that are used in making laundry liquids are – Water, Ethoxylated Rapeseed Methyl Esters, Potassium Soap of coco and olein fatty acids, Sodium Citrate, Ethanol Alkyl Poly Glycoside C10-16, Fatty Alcohol Sulfate C10-16, Citric Acid, Perfume, Linalool, Limonene and Citronellol.

Application Laundry liquid is formulated for pre-spraying of stubborn stains on garments. It help in removing even the toughest stains and give exceptional cleaning results.

Benefits
Some of the benefits of using a laundry liquid are –

• Exceptional washing results, even at low temperatures
• No optical brighteners
• Suitable for all white and colour fast laundry
• Fresh perfume from plant based ingredients also available as refill

Lime and dust removers are cleansing products that are used to remove and clean the deposits of lime and/or rust from the interior of the dishwasher. These products are used when no dishes or other products are present inside the dishwasher. Specially designed for hygienic cleaning of dishwashers, lime and dust removers have also found uses in the cleaning of washing machines and even in typical applications, like – the removal of rust from nuts and bolts, valve interiors and exteriors, bearings, pump housings, gears, shafts – virtually any metal part where mechanical removal of rust can be impractical or may damage the metal surface.

Specially designed for effective cleaning of dishwashers and other equipment, lime and rust removers are acid based condition system that are suitable for all materials subject to oxide formation that include ferrous metals, aluminum, copper, stainless steel and zinc.

Soft water forms a build-up of detergent residues inside your machine that can result in leakages and develops an environment for bacteria to thrive thereby causing unpleasant odours. With their unique non-corrosive acid side cleaning, the lime and rust removers can be used to safely break down hard water deposits and soils. The removers can be used to clean grout, ceramic, glass, porcelain, and stainless steel while making the surface free from residues.

Some important features of lime and rust removers, include –

• Highly concentrated acid base
• Can be used on all metals
• Brightens nonferrous metals
• Forms a short-term protective coating against flash rusting
• Completely dissolves rust, lime, scale and other corrosion
• Biodegradable
• Prepares metal surfaces and provides excellent adhesion for paints

Advantages
Some of the important advantages of lime and rust removers include –

• Eliminates limescale build-up from internal parts
• Removes powder build-up and odour-causing bacteria
• Hygienically cleans all the internal parts
• Improves the working and efficiency of your appliance
• Have proved to be a cost effective way of prolonging your appliances’ life
• If used immediately with new appliances, reduces the detergent quantity by up to a third

Soap cutting machine is the equipment used in soap manufacturing process to cut soap bars into desired lengths, sizes and forms. In these machines, soap cutters are usually placed downstream from a plodding machine and the soap bars that come from the plodder enter the cutter and come into contact with an incremental encoder, which sends a signal to the cutting system. For details, read bar soap manufacturing process

The cutting system provides a horizontal and vertical blade shift, to cut bars into the specified lengths and sizes. The soap cutting machines are designed and manufactured with two conveyors for separate cutting unit, which are used to feed the soap bars into the cutter and then carry them out of the cutter.

Types of Soap Cutting Machines

Soap cutting machines are only one category of soap manufacturing machines. However, they too are available in many varieties nowadays. The available soap cutting machines can be categorized as –

• Air powered soap cutter
• Manual soap cutter
• Loaf soap cutter
• Double cutting machine
• Bar size-cutting machines
• Rotary soap cutting machine

A brief description of these different types of soap cutting machines is given below

Air Powered Soap Cutter

These soap making machines are ideal for cold processed soap cutting, the Air Powered Soap Cutters can be used to produce thousands of perfect bars a day by a single person.

Salient Features of Air Powered Soap Cutter

• High production
• Can be custom designed to meet user specifications, bar and batch size
• Cuts both loaves and bars with a single piece of equipment
• Can be used to cut hundreds of perfect bars in just minutes
• Designed with 2 cutting grids and 2 cutting tables (Loaf and Bar)

Manual Soap Cutter

Manual soap cutters are designed to cut large blocks of soap within minutes manually. The manual soap cutters come with the option of Extra cutting frame and tables for different full size bars or hotel size bars, extra wire ( include both sizes, for bar and loaf frames) and manual cutter easy hoist system. These cutters can be custom designed to meet the unique specifications, bar and mold size.

Salient Features of Manual Soap Cutter

• Cuts both loafs and bars with one piece of equipment
• Compact in size, durable and easy to clean
• Easy to operate
• Cutting frames and tables are easily and quickly interchanged
• Manual Cutter Easy Hoist System

Loaf Soap Cutter

A loaf soap cutter is used to cut the soap loaves into bars quickly and easily with its in built cutter. Based on latest technology, the loaf soap cutters come with a heavy duty base and cutting table, wood and HDPE plastic and are provided with a extra replacement wire.

Salient Features Loaf Soap Cutter

• Metal parts coated with hard, baked on powder-coat enamel
• Easy to use, operate and maintain
• Come with a variety of specifications and can be custom designed to meet user specific specifications

Rotary Soap Cutting Machine

Rotary soap cutting machines are used to cut the bar soaps at fixed lengths. These machines are mounted at the mouth of plodder and operate without power. A rotary soap cutting machine is driven by the forced travel of the extruded bar from the plodder. The machine has two stainless steel guide rings that are mounted with suitable cutting knives to cut the soap bar into specified lengths and the speed and output can be synchronized with the plodder discharge capacity. The gap between the two cutting wheels can be adjusted according to the need or thickness of the soap.

Also know about Rotary Sealing Machine, used in soap packaging applications.

Bar Size Cutting Machine

Bar size-cutting machines are used to cut soap slabs into bars and bars into cakes. The machine can be used easily prepare soap bars into desired shapes and dimensions. The machine is fitted with cutting frames that can be easily detached and have steel spring wires.

Double Cutting Machine

Double cutting machine is a hand operated equipment that can be used to cut slabs into bars and bars into detergent cakes. When the slabs are cut into bars, there is no need to handle or touch the bars for cutting the cakes but only to move the handle and the cakes will cut according to the specific size or as per the adjustment made in the frame size. These are fitted with cutting frames that are detachable and the frame is with steel spring wires.

Know more about Detergent Cake Making Plant

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